cabbage scientific name and family

It is frequently eaten, either cooked or as sauerkraut, as a side dish or as an ingredient in such dishes as bigos (cabbage, sauerkraut, meat, and wild mushrooms, among other ingredients) gołąbki (stuffed cabbage) and pierogi (filled dumplings). Cabbage (comprising several cultivars of Brassica oleracea) is a leafy green, red (purple), or white (pale green) biennial plant grown as an annual vegetable crop for its dense-leaved heads. The Chinese cabbage later became the staple vegetable of Korea. Charles Parrain, "The evolution of agricultural technique" in M. M. Postan, ed. [32] The ancient Greeks had some varieties of cabbage, as mentioned by Theophrastus, although whether they were more closely related to today's cabbage or to one of the other Brassica crops is unknown. The scientific name of Cabbage is the botanical name or formal name. In pepper spot, tiny black spots occur on the areas between the veins, which can increase during storage. [88], Cabbage has been linked to outbreaks of some food-borne illnesses, including Listeria monocytogenes[89] and Clostridium botulinum. By selecting for fatter stems, the variant plant known as, European preference emerged for eating immature buds, selection for, Further selection in Belgium in lateral bud led to, This page was last edited on 13 January 2021, at 21:30. English: Potato Vine, Swamp Cabbage; Tagalog: Kangkong. Napa cabbage doesn't look like head cabbages; it has long, light green leaves that flower off of thick, white stalks. Coleslaw and sauerkraut are popular foods that use cabbage. [17] Scientific research into the genetic modification of B. oleracea crops, including cabbage, has included European Union and United States explorations of greater insect and herbicide resistance. They are harvested by cutting the stalk just below the bottom leaves with a blade. [26] According to the triangle of U theory of the evolution and relationships between Brassica species, B. oleracea and other closely related kale vegetables (cabbages, kale, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, and cauliflower) represent one of three ancestral lines from which all other brassicas originated. Scientific name: Sabal Palmetto Also known as: Cabbage palm, cabbage palmetto, Carolina palmetto Size: Averages about 45 feet tall, but can grow taller in the wild Lifespan: Dating Sabal palms is more difficult than other species because they do not have traditional growth rings. rapa (turnip); turnip, in hand, at a farmers market. Repolyo (Cabbage) – Scientific name: Brassica oleracea Linn. Americans consume 3.9 kg (8.6 lb) annually per capita. [31] According to Pliny, the Pompeii cabbage, which could not stand cold, is "taller, and has a thick stock near the root, but grows thicker between the leaves, these being scantier and narrower, but their tenderness is a valuable quality". Family Name: Sterculiaceae. Vacuum cooling rapidly refrigerates the vegetable, allowing for earlier shipping and a fresher product. World production of cabbage and other brassicas for 2018 was 69 million tonnes, with China accounting for 48% of the total. The botanical name for cabbage is Brassica oleracea capitata. It looks a bit like a cross between romaine lettuce and pale Swiss chard. It was first observed in North America in 1854, in Illinois, but had spread to Florida and the Rocky Mountains by 1883, and was reported from British Columbia by 1905. [4], "Cabbage" was originally used to refer to multiple forms of B. oleracea, including those with loose or non-existent heads. [80] Studies on cruciferous vegetables, including cabbage, include whether they may lower the risk against colon cancer. [8] He reports the antipathy of the cabbage and the grape vine, for the ancients believed cabbages grown near grapes would impart their flavour to the wine. Distribution. Links. Thus, bitter taste perception may affect dietary behaviors by influencing both taste preferences and metabolic hormonal regulation. oleracea), and belongs to the "cole crops" or brassicas, meaning it is closely related to broccoli and cauliflower (var. [75] In India and Ethiopia, cabbage is often included in spicy salads and braises. Other major producers were India, South Korea, and Russia. Scientific Name. [14] Closer spacing reduces the resources available to each plant (especially the amount of light) and increases the time taken to reach maturity. [37] The Pompeii cabbage was also mentioned by Columella in De Re Rustica. "Cabbage plants" are mentioned by A. Leo Oppenheim. [64] The fungi Alternaria brassicae and A. brassicicola cause dark leaf spots in affected plants. [58] Cabbages are mature when they are firm and solid to the touch. The cultivars of B. oleracea are grouped by developmental form into seven major cultivar groups, of which the Acephala ("non-heading") group remains most like the natural wild cabbage in appearance: In places such as the Channel Islands and Canary Islands, where the frost is minimal and plants are thus freed from seasonality, some cultivars, known as Jersey cabbages, can grow up to 3 metres (9.8 ft) tall. oleracea, also called colewort or field cabbage. They do not produce heads and feature purple or green outer leaves surrounding an inner grouping of smaller leaves in white, red, or pink. Leaves are densely packed, and as it grows, close and develop into a gigantic bud of head. White, also called Dutch – Smooth, pale green leaves, This page was last edited on 25 December 2020, at 10:48. [40] The antipathy towards the vine made it seem that eating cabbage would enable one to avoid drunkenness. Cabbage family, Brassicaceae or Cruciferae, also known as the crucifers, or the mustard family is a family of flowering plants (Angiospermae). [77] Cooked cabbage is often criticized for its pungent, unpleasant odor and taste. In Britain, the Anglo-Saxons cultivated cawel. [53] Excessive water and excessive heat can also cause cultivation problems. The seeds, like any other cabbage, can be used for sprouting. [92], This article is about the vegetable. as its synonym. oleracea), and belongs to the "cole crops" or brassicas, meaning it is closely related to broccoli and cauliflower (var. capitata,[1] var. [87] Both mashed cabbage and cabbage juice have been used in poultices to remove boils and treat warts, pneumonia, appendicitis, and ulcers. The main axis, short and thick. In its uncultivated form, it is called wild cabbage, and is native to coastal southern and western Europe. A hardy plant in its uncultivated form, its high tolerance for salt and lime, and its intolerance of competition from other plants, typically restrict its natural occurrence to limestone sea cliffs, like the chalk cliffs on both sides of the English Channel,[2] and the windswept coast on the western side of the Isle of Wight. Napa cabbage, also called celery cabbage (B. rapa, variety pekinensis), forms a tight head of crinkled light green leaves. It was known to the ancient Greeks and Romans; Cato and Elder praised this vegetable for its medicinal properties. These include the heaviest cabbage, at 57.61 kilograms (127.0 lb),[19] heaviest red cabbage, at 19.05 kilograms (42.0 lb),[20] longest cabbage roll, at 15.37 m (50 ft 5 in),[21] and the largest cabbage dish, at 925.4 kilograms (2,040 lb). By the 18th century, it was commonly planted by both colonists and native American Indians. A smooth, widely spreading vine, with the stems trailing on mud or floating on water. [66] The cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) is infamous in North America for its voracious appetite and for producing frass that contaminates plants. glabra Regel. [13], The inflorescence is an unbranched and indeterminate terminal raceme measuring 50–100 cm (20–40 in) tall,[13] with flowers that are yellow or white. List of Lepidoptera that feed on Brassica, "Growing broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage and other cole crops in Wisconsin", "Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity (pick lists), Cabbages and other brassicas, 2018", "Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity (pick lists), Cabbages and other brassicas, 2017", "Corriher's Compendium of Ingredients and Cooking Problems", "USDA database table for raw cabbage per 100 g", "A novel mechanism of indole-3-carbinol effects on breast carcinogenesis involves induction of Cdc25A degradation", "Chapter IV. The cabbage is a native of Mediterranean region. Rupr.’ was suitable as the scientific name for Chinese cabbage, and we classified B. rapa var. Brassicaceae or the cabbage family is an economically important family of flowering plants, with 372 genera and 4060 species. It is of different species of the same Brassica genus of plants. [64], Pests include root-knot nematodes and cabbage maggots, which produce stunted and wilted plants with yellow leaves; aphids, which induce stunted plants with curled and yellow leaves; harlequin cabbage bugs, which cause white and yellow leaves; thrips, which lead to leaves with white-bronze spots; striped flea beetles, which riddle leaves with small holes; and caterpillars, which leave behind large, ragged holes in leaves. The leaves are fleshier and thicker than other Brassica species—an adaptation that helps it store water and nutrients in its difficult growing environment. Leaves vary in color, from the common light yellowish green to dark green and dark red. However, genetic analysis is consistent with feral origin of this population, deriving from plants escaped from field and gardens. [85] Ancient Egyptians ate cooked cabbage at the beginning of meals to reduce the intoxicating effects of wine. Clubroot, caused by the soilborne slime mold-like organism Plasmodiophora brassicae, results in swollen, club-like roots. acephala)[3] is a member of the genus Brassica and the mustard family, Brassicaceae. [32] By early Roman times, Egyptian artisans and children were eating cabbage and turnips among a wide variety of other vegetables and pulses. Bitter taste receptors in the TS2R family are also found in gut mucosal and pancreatic cells in humans and rodents. Other medicinal uses recorded in European folk medicine include treatments for rheumatism, sore throat, hoarseness, colic, and melancholy. [39] Pliny the Elder listed seven varieties, including Pompeii cabbage, Cumae cabbage and Sabellian cabbage. Common Name. The cooling properties of the leaves were used in Britain as a treatment for trench foot in World War I, and as compresses for ulcers and breast abscesses. Different varieties prefer different soil types, ranging from lighter sand to heavier clay, but all prefer fertile ground with a pH between 6.0 and 6.8. Internal tip burn occurs when the margins of inside leaves turn brown, but the outer leaves look normal. Cabbage is prone to several nutrient deficiencies, as well as to multiple pests, and bacterial and fungal diseases. These are small- to medium-sized butterflies found flying in numbers especially during the late spring and the summer months. Family: Brassicaceae. Wild B. oleracea is a tall biennial plant that forms a stout rosette of large leaves in the first year. Early cabbage reaches maturity in just over 40 days and has a small, tight head, while the late variant takes longer to grow — almost 90 days — and has a much larger head. tuba, var. Cabbage has anti-inflammatory properties. It is rich in essential nutrients including vitamin C. It has been bred into a wide range of cultivars, including cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, brussels sprouts, collards, and kale, some of which are hardly recognizable as being members of the same genus, let alone species. – mustard P Self-pollination is impossible, and plants are cross-pollinated by insects. The slender cylindrical heads are about 30 cm Cabbage forms heads and kale forms upright leaves. The Greeks and Romans claimed medicinal usages for their cabbage varieties that included relief from gout, headaches and the symptoms of poisonous mushroom ingestion. botrytis); Brussels sprouts (var. It is descended from the wild cabbage (B. oleracea var. The simplest options include eating the vegetable raw or steaming it, though many cuisines pickle, stew, sautée or braise cabbage. They can be prepared many different ways for eating; they can be pickled, fermented (for dishes such as sauerkraut), steamed, stewed, sautéed, braised, or eaten raw. However, the pekinensis subspecies generally refers to Chinese cabbage with elongated apple, Chihli type or Napa type, which can be found in our grocery stores. It is also used to make kimchi and borscht, and can also be used in salads.Red cabbage juice can be used as a pH indicator. Cabbages are usually green, but they can als Other Brassica species, such as B. rapa, B. juncea, B. nigra, B. napus and Raphanus sativus, do not readily cross-pollinate.[61]. Bailey – Chinese kale P: Species Brassica carinata A. Braun [excluded] P: Species Brassica chinensis L. – pak choi P: Species Brassica cretica Lam. In short, Chinese cabbage … [48] In India, cabbage was one of several vegetable crops introduced by colonizing traders from Portugal, who established trade routes from the 14th to 17th centuries. History of Cabbage Cabbage is a plant under family group of Brassicaceae. [15] Bean curd and cabbage is a staple of Chinese cooking,[73] while the British dish bubble and squeak is made primarily with leftover potato and boiled cabbage and eaten with cold meat. The transition from a juvenile to adult state happens when the stem diameter is about 6 mm (1⁄4 in). cabbage palm scientific name. Savoy cabbage needs well drained soil in a cool climate to grow. Cabbage is a good source of vitamin K, vitamin C and dietary fiber. Somewhere around the first century AD emerged the phenotype variation of, Phenotype selection preferences in Germany resulted in a new variation from the kale cultivar. [2], Many shapes, colors and leaf textures are found in various cultivated varieties of cabbage. [65], One of the most common bacterial diseases to affect cabbage is black rot, caused by Xanthomonas campestris, which causes chlorotic and necrotic lesions that start at the leaf margins, and wilting of plants. Agrotis ipsilon (black cutworm); Agrotis segetum (turnip moth); Albugo candida (white rust of crucifers); Alternaria japonica (pod spot of radish); Athalia rosae (cabbage leaf sawfly); Autographa gamma (silver-Y moth); Beet western yellows virus (turnip (mild) yellows); Brevicoryne brassicae (cabbage aphid); Broad bean wilt virus (lamium mild mosaic); Contarinia nasturtii (swede midge); … [14] Early varieties of cabbage take about 70 days from planting to reach maturity, while late varieties take about 120 days. Members of the cabbage (brassica) family, e.g., broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, Chinese cabbage, radish. [11] Through the centuries, "cabbage" and its derivatives have been used as slang for numerous items, occupations and activities. The appearance of the cabbage head has been given importance in selective breeding, with varieties being chosen for shape, color, firmness and other physical characteristics. Brassica oleracea is a plant species that includes many common foods as cultivars, including cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, kale, Brussels sprouts, collard greens, Savoy cabbage, kohlrabi, and gai lan. Vernalization allows the plant to grow to an adequate size before flowering. Cabbage (Brassica oleracea or B. oleracea var. [34], Chrysippus of Cnidos wrote a treatise on cabbage, which Pliny knew,[35] but it has not survived. Chinese cabbage, either of two widely cultivated members of the mustard family (Brassicaceae) that are varieties of Brassica rapa. These develop when cabbage is overcooked and hydrogen sulfide gas is produced.[78]. Necrotic spot is where there are oval sunken spots a few millimeters across that are often grouped around the midrib. In 1840 there were 4 Cabbage families living in Indiana. Ornamental plants were developed for ornamental use without regard to taste. [59] Delays in harvest can result in the head splitting as a result of expansion of the inner leaves and continued stem growth. These receptors influence release of hormones involved in appetite regulation, such as peptide YY and glucagon-like peptide-1, and therefore may influence caloric intake and the development of obesity. [5] A related species, Brassica rapa, is commonly named Chinese, napa or celery cabbage, and has many of the same uses. [6] The historical genus of Crucifera, meaning "cross-bearing" in reference to the four-petaled flowers, may be the only unifying feature beyond taste. It became a favorite vegetable of Australians by the 1830s and was frequently seen at the Sydney Markets. [64] The caterpillar stage of the "small cabbage white butterfly" (Pieris rapae), commonly known in the United States as the "imported cabbage worm", is a major cabbage pest in most countries. [22], Although cabbage has an extensive history,[23] it is difficult to trace its exact origins owing to the many varieties of leafy greens classified as "brassicas". Two of the six stamens have shorter filaments. [15], Cabbage has been selectively bred for head weight and morphological characteristics, frost hardiness, fast growth and storage ability. The most Cabbage families were found in the USA in 1920. scientific name of cabbage is Brassica oleracea var. [40], The characteristic flavor of cabbage is caused by glucosinolates, a class of sulfur-containing glucosides. rapa). Origin. The diamondback moth is probably of European origin but is now found throughout the Americas and in Europe, Southeast Asia, Australia, and New Zealand. Back to genus Brassica; Plantopedia: Browse flowering plants by Scientific Name, Common Name, Genus, Family, USDA Hardiness Zone or Origin; Photo Gallery [56] Growers normally place plants 30 to 61 cm (12 to 24 in) apart. [14] Most cabbages have thick, alternating leaves, with margins that range from wavy or lobed to highly dissected; some varieties have a waxy bloom on the leaves. [53] There are several physiological disorders that can affect the postharvest appearance of cabbage. Through artificial selection for various phenotype traits, the emergence of variations of the plant with drastic differences in looks took only a few thousand years. In commercial-scale operations, hand-harvested cabbages are trimmed, sorted, and packed directly in the field to increase efficiency. [67] In India, the diamondback moth has caused losses up to 90 percent in crops that were not treated with insecticide. [5] Cabbage seeds traveled to Australia in 1788 with the First Fleet, and were planted the same year on Norfolk Island. botrytis); Brussels sprouts (var. Print with name - Print without name. KangKong – Scientific name: Ipomea aquatica Torsk. Brassica oleracea (Capitata Group), commonly known as cabbage, and Brassica oleracea (Acephala Group), commonly known as kale, are cool weather vegetables that are grown for harvest of their edible leaves. Cabbage centre grub, cabbage webworm. Napa cabbage is sometimes called Chinese cabbage or celery cabbage. [5] Many European and Asiatic names for cabbage are derived from the Celto-Slavic root cap or kap, meaning "head". December 3, 2020. cabbage palm scientific name Oblate, round and pointed shapes are found. Brassica oleracea is native to coastal southern and western Europe. In North America, diamondback moth is now recorded everywhere that cabbage is grown. Rhizoctonia solani causes the post-emergence disease wirestem, resulting in killed seedlings ("damping-off"), root rot or stunted growth and smaller heads. [57] Some varieties of cabbage have been developed for ornamental use; these are generally called "flowering cabbage". The outer leaves are trimmed, and any diseased, damaged, or necrotic leaves are removed. In contrast, individuals with two AVI haplotypes are bitter non-tasters. When people think of chocolate, they usually think of the sweet shop and high calorie chocolate bars. This original species evolved over thousands of years into those seen today, as selection resulted in cultivars having different characteristics, such as large heads for cabbage, large leaves for kale and thick stems with flower buds for broccoli. Napa cabbage is another Chinese vegetable variety in the Brassica family. [87] As of 2019[update], there is no clinical evidence that cabbage has any medicinal properties. Remscheid Lüttringhausen, North Rhine Westphalia, Germany. [9] About 90 percent of the root mass is in the upper 20–30 cm (8–12 in) of soil; some lateral roots can penetrate up to 2 m (6 ft 7 in) deep. [14][15], With the advent of agriculture and the domestication of wild crop plants, the people of the northern Mediterranean began cultivating wild cabbage. Around the fifth century BC, the formation of what is now known as kale had developed. Revised continuously. Cabbage is a dense, leafy vegetable that grows biennially in cool climates. Hellula undalis. Nonheading cabbages and kale were probably the first to be domesticated, before 1000 BC,[28] perhaps by the Celts of central and western Europe,[5] although recent linguistic and genetic evidence enforces a Mediterranean origin of cultivated brassicas. The family contains well-known species, such as Brassica oleracea , Brassica rapa , Brassica napus , Raphanus sativus , Armoracia rusticana , Arabidopsis thaliana , and many others. capitata. [86] This traditional usage persisted in European literature until the mid-20th century.[87]. [41] Cabbage continued to figure in the materia medica of antiquity as well as at table: in the first century AD Dioscorides mentions two kinds of coleworts with medical uses, the cultivated and the wild,[10] and his opinions continued to be paraphrased in herbals right through the 17th century. Each flower has four petals set in a perpendicular pattern, as well as four sepals, six stamens, and a superior ovary that is two-celled and contains a single stigma and style. In certain climates, cabbage can be planted at the beginning of the cold period and survive until a later warm period without being induced to flower, a practice that was common in the eastern US. Cabbage (comprising several cultivars of Brassica oleracea) is a leafy green, red (purple), or white (pale green) biennial plant grown as an annual vegetable crop for its dense-leaved heads. gemmifera); and Savoy cabbage (var. The common name of this plant in Spanish is Repollo rojo. Cabbage is a popular vegetable that is a relative to mustard greens and also to the turnip family. Family Brassicaceae – Mustard family: Genus Brassica L. – mustard P : Contains 19 Species and 8 accepted taxa overall : Down one level : Species Brassica alboglabra L.H. Those used for processing, especially sauerkraut, are larger and have a lower percentage of water. [84] The ancient Roman, Pliny the Elder, described both culinary and medicinal properties of the vegetable. It is an edible plant of the Family Brassicaceae (or Cruciferae). sabauda L. Capitata Group) is a kind of cabbage which is also known as curly cabbage. [5] During the 16th century, German gardeners developed the savoy cabbage. Symptoms & Life Cycle. Cabbage (Brassica oleracea Capitata Group) is an edible plant.It is a lot like broccoli, cauliflower or Brussels sprouts.Cabbage is eaten in many ways around the world. The PAV haplotype is dominant; therefore, individuals with at least one copy of the PAV allele perceive molecules in vegetables that resemble PROP as tasting bitter, and consequently may develop an aversion to bitter vegetables. Plants are 40–60 cm (16–24 in) tall in their first year at the mature vegetative stage, and 1.5–2.0 m (4 ft 11 in–6 ft 7 in) tall when flowering in the second year. Humans and rodents 50 ], the UK, Canada, and this... Stored under less ideal conditions, cabbage is often criticized for its leaved. 37 ] Apicius gives several recipes for cauliculi, tender cabbage shoots cruciferous vegetables including... Varietal epithet Capitata is derived from the wild cabbage, Cumae cabbage Sabellian. A gigantic bud of head and 1920 are generally called `` flowering cabbage '' with smooth-leafed cabbages! Fifth century BC, the UK, Canada, and within this group there are several disorders! To its usual purpose as an edible plant of the Old French caboce green and dark.. Antipathy towards the vine made it seem that eating cabbage would enable one to avoid drunkenness are two varieties. And bacterial and fungal diseases other medicinal uses recorded in European literature until the 16th,... And Romans ; Cato and Elder praised this vegetable for its medicinal properties of the Brassicaceae..., diamondback moth is now known as kale had developed ornamental cabbages and crinkle-leafed savoy are! 84 ] the ancient Roman, Pliny the Elder, described both and. Is recorded from Australia, New Zealand, and the Low countries was commonly by. Treatments for rheumatism, sore throat, hoarseness, colic, and packed directly in the States. As this species is not botanically different from the wild cabbage B. oleracea var Thunberg reported that cabbage been. Dispersiv… savoy cabbage ( B. oleracea is the botanical name / botanical name or formal name rather as... Carl Peter Thunberg reported that cabbage has been linked to outbreaks of E. coli in the tropics at higher.! 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