A screenwriter develops a dangerous relationship with a faded film … NORMA: No one leaves a star. DeMille didn’t have the heart to tell you. Where am I? However, Norma’s instincts tell her that it’s not just a script that’s luring Joe out of her house nights. inside the shoe shop, it gives the characters something to do while they talk. NORMA: Those idiot producers! Norma Desmond was discovered when she was eighteen and groomed into a great silent film star. He allows Norma to turn him into a replacement for her dead monkey with gifts and a lavish lifestyle; becomes an attendant who empties her ashtray and fetches cigarettes at the drug store. NORMA: What is the scene? conflict of the story. Based on theories and materials developed by Melanie Anne Phillips and Chris Huntley. As Norma becomes more possessive of him, Joe secretly writes his own script with Betty, a young script reader. . But it's also a love story, and the love keeps it from becoming simply a waxworks or a freak show. Sunset Boulevard weaves a magnificent tale of faded glory and unfulfilled ambition. . You used to be big. Norma’s memories of her stardom and the adulation that went with it, drives her obsession to resurrect her acting career. 1950) is one of the films that consider as film noir. and I thought it was a matter of life and death. Her skin is very pale, and she is wearing dark glasses.” (Thomas, p. 123). is a 1950 American film noir directed and co-written by Billy Wilder, and produced and co-written by Charles Brackett. Joe sees himself as a talented writer having a dry spell. She harasses the young woman and Joe finally leaves Norma for good. . Norma, mad with rage, considers that she’s too important for Joe to leave her: But it wasn’t so simple, getting some coherence into those wild hallucinations of hers. Billy Wilder's "Sunset Boulevard” is the portrait of a forgotten silent star, living in exile in her grotesque mansion, screening her old films, dreaming of a comeback. Joe is unhappy being Norma’s kept man; lying to his friends about where he lives and how he supports himself. Joe wants to be a Hollywood screenwriter, so he accepts the expensive gifts and lavish lifestyle Norma offers him, hoping to continue his “career.” Later, through Betty’s influence, he quits stringing Norma along and living high on her money. Before an analysis on how the movie challenges media representation, it is important for us to understand what is a mockumentary. It’s the pictures that got small. James Joyce? NORMA. a musical in 2 acts, 21 scenes: Libretto by Don Black and Christopher Hampton; based on the film and screenplay Sunset Boulevard by Billy Wilder: Music by Andrew Lloyd Webber. Sunset Boulevard Film Analysis 1617 Words 7 Pages Mise-en-scéne is crucial to classical Hollywood as it defined an era ‘that in its primary sense and effect, shows us something; it is a means of display. Sunset Boulevard is a musical with music by Andrew Lloyd Webber, and lyrics and book by Don Black and Christopher Hampton.. Based on Billy Wilder's Academy Award-winning 1950 film of the same title, the plot revolves around Norma Desmond, a faded star of the silent screen era, living in the past in her decaying mansion on the fabled Los Angeles street. Norma hires Joe Gillis to edit her screenplay so she can send it to Cecil B. DeMille, and get back into the movies. Things were tough at the moment. In the Paramount sound stage DeMille tells Norma how expensive her picture would be to make, but she only expresses her deepest desires. What is it you want—money? In the film Sunset Boulevard many character struggled with wishes, lies and dreams of fame and fortune. This Study Guide consists of approximately 24 pages of chapter summaries, quotes, character analysis, themes, and more - everything you need to sharpen your knowledge of Sunset Boulevard. Betty knows she’s a lowly script reader and will continue to stay one if she doesn’t promote herself with a good spec. . Joe’s situation with Norma inhibits their conflict until the end when she’s already over the edge, and would rather kill him than be left alone. GILLIS: [. Look at me. The lighting in Sunset Boulevard is used as a symbol that represents loneliness and a yearning hopefulness to become successful. Based on the above analysis, it can be concluded that despite its flaws, the “Sunset Boulevard (1950)” is a top class film with top-notch elements in every aspect of the film. His situation drives him to accept a rewrite job from Norma Desmond against his better judgment. . Forgotten star a slayer. . . She was a fool, and I loved her and I’d been a heel not to tell her. At the start of the story, Joe’s floating in a swimming pool, dead. GILLIS: Sure you are. Joe walks out on Norma, so she decides if she can’t have him, no-one else will. Joe tries to sell his story ideas so he can get studio work. The legendary Billy Wilder (Double Indemnity, The Apartment) sat in the illustrious director’s chair for the 1950 classic Sunset Boulevard, a high and low angle look at Hollywood — co-written by Wilder, Charles Brackett and D.M. Betty wants to develop “Dark Windows” with Joe, pitch it to the producer, co-write it with Joe, and launch her writing career. He purchases a police scanner and a cheap video camera and hits the streets along with his assistant Rick. But if your career is on the skids, or if you’re struggling to get established, Hollywood is a hard place to exist in. Max has stopped using his senses when it come to Norma. The shoes Billy Wilder uses the black and white colors to the film’s advantage. Max envisions that by removing all the locks from every door in Norma’s mansion, she won’t attempt suicide again; he envisions that by writing fake fan letters and mailing them from post offices around Los Angeles, Norma will be so happy not to have been forgotten she won’t get depressed over her forced retirement. Whether the story comes in a linear ‘beginning, middle, and ending’ order or an untraditional order that may start at the end or the middle will set the ultimate tone of the story, thus the film. .] The noir feel isintroduces immediately aswe see the old fashionedcards drive past in low keyblack and white lighting.The shadowy contrasty skyis a key element of noir isthis shot. When he walks out the door with his typewriter, she shoots him three times. (Sadoul, p. 362). See where it says Readers’ Department? The film states the corruption in hollywood and that people will do anything to get ahead. It’s fate that pulls him back to Norma after his first attempt to break free, sealing his doom. . His denial of everything he senses prevents her from knowing the truth and dealing with it. The objective characters’ direct their efforts toward changing their lives: Betty wants to quit being a studio reader and earn a solid writing credit. We had faces. Where were you? This essay will give an analysis of sound design used in the movies and how it is as important as the moving pictures to the movie. When he eventually tells Norma the truth about her own fantasies, she shoots him. MAX: It’s just that I’m very worried about Madame. Not even twenty years of obscurity convinces her that she’ll never be a screen queen again. And we’re not helping her any, feeding her lies and more lies. . GILLIS: Well, there it was, right in the palm of my hand—the future of Betty Schaefer, engaged to Artie Green, the nicest guy that ever lived. GILLIS: [. As he exits the house Norma shoots him, and he lands dead in her swimming pool. NORMA: [. “She is a little woman. I’ll be up there again. But it's also a love story, and the love keeps it from becoming simply a waxworks or a freak show. Now you’ll have to sit behind that typewriter. Norma’s a forgotten woman living alone with her memories. JOE: . threw away the shoes that her father made for, Mise-en-scéne is crucial to classical Hollywood as it defined an era ‘that in its primary sense and effect, shows us something; it is a means of display. ' Additionally, as this is a historical film, historical context will be compared as well. (1950), co-written by Charles Brackett & Billy Wilder, their 17th and final collaboration, and directed by Wilder.Here is a plot summary from IMDB.com: Norma bitterly remembers the death of silent pictures and her career: An Analysis of The Sound Track For The Movie Wall-E A long-term contract with no options. NORMA: No you didn’t. Visual as business of character is seen as most scenes take place Dramatica is a registered trademark of Screenplay Systems Incorporated. Sunset Boulevard, directed by Billy wilder in 1950, is considered to be the greatest film about Hollywood ever put on celluloid by Hollywood. . . He purposely disgusts Betty by flaunting his present arrangement with Norma. I’m a star! Well, his disembodied voice leads us back in time and gives us the skinny. Down below they’re waiting for the princess. Norma interprets Joe’s nighttime prowls to mean he has another woman, and snoops until she finds Betty’s name, then makes the harassing calls. .] Joe judges his progress by how things are going in his life. She’s actually surrounded by police and reporters, but at the mention of cameras, believes herself on a movie set. JOE: Come on where? Artie Green travels to Arizona as an assistant director to become a full-fledged director, and unwittingly gives Betty the chance to fall in love with Joe. Artie Green struggles in his apprenticeship as a assistant director. . Norma’s tendency to focus only on herself causes Joe problems: She moves him out of his apartment without asking first because she’s lonely and wants to control his work on her script; buys him expensive clothes over his protests because she’s tired of his limited wardrobe; blinded by her happiness, she plans the next year of Joe’s life without considering he might have plans of his own. I hadn’t worked for a studio for a long time. NORMA: It’s yours, Joe. For one moment Norma acknowledges the truth about her age and her fears. I’d do a little work, my car would be safe down below, until I got some money out of her. Both Betty and Norma passionately advance plans that will transform them into successful women. Ultimately an uncomfortable relationship evolves between Norma and Joe that Joe does not want a part of. Sunset Boulevard Film Analysis 1029 Words | 5 Pages. Music in this film matches genre peculiarities of film and helps to point out the most important moments in the film. At her private New Year’s Eve party she announces her plans for the two of them. However, the studio just wants to rent her vintage car. A. O. Scott looks back at Billy Wilder's classic meditation on celebrity and Hollywood. He sneaks out of Norma’s house to work on the project, hoping to sell the story to support himself, and become independent of her. . . In fact, the main female character of the film (Norma Desmond) plays a washed up actress from the silent age of Hollywood. In front of a shocked Joe she suddenly erupts with frustration and anger: First he’s been out of work for a while and is about to lose his car; is chased by the finance men into Norma’s driveway; wants the rewrite job, but hates Norma’s hovering while he works; is frustrated when Max pressures him to lie to Norma about her career; is angry to discover Norma harassing Betty over the phone, and decides that his relationship with Norma can’t possibly work. MORINO: Don’t you know that the finest things in the world have been written on an empty stomach? And what made it even worse was that she was around all the time, hovering over me. Billy Wilder uses the black and white colors to the film’s advantage. .] How the music is used in film indicates the level of film quality and work of casting team. You took the car. Posted by Jennine Lanouette on Tuesday, October 29th, 2013 . Sunset Boulevard Summary. She’s written a horrible movie script, hoping to star in it and make a glorious comeback. He's dead. . .] You want a Valentino. Joe Gillis, a scriptwriter desperate to prevent his car from being repossessed, accepts a rewrite job from Norma Desmond for some quick cash. . Norma imagines engaging her astrologer to check DeMille’s horoscope to determine the right time to send him her script so he’ll direct it with her as the star. Don’t you know that? In eluding the repossessors, Joe stumbles onto the decaying Sunset Boulevard mansion of fifty year old faded silent movie star Norma Desmond, who has largely been forgotten by the movie going public. Where were you? Lighting? Joe Gillis moved to Hollywood from Dayton, Ohio where he earned $35 a week working at a newspaper. . A lot of Diegetic sounds were used to Norma’s focus on “ability” causes problems for Joe: Her vitality and flair for the dramatic overwhelms Joe. Movie Analysis Of Sunset Boulevard Film Studies Essay Sunset Boulevard, directed by Billy wilder in 1950, is considered to be the greatest film about Hollywood ever put on celluloid by Hollywood. Sunset Boulevard means a lot of things to a lot of people. These recollections fill her with happiness and fuel her enormous ego. Content by Tony Macklin.Originally published on March 9, 2009 @ tonymacklin.net. Sunset Boulevard is famously narrated from beyond the grave, taking the film noir device of the unreliable narrator and making it seem all the more disembodied. NORMA: What you’re trying to say is that you don’t want me to love you. He learns that losing his only means of transportation and independence means nothing to Norma. When she gets a call from Paramount Studios, she believes DeMille wants to make her picture, but they just want to rent her vintage car. It was named after a major street that runs through Hollywood the center of the American movie industry. Joe knows that he has nothing to offer Betty and tells her how he’s been living. As the story progresses Norma considers more ways to regain her stardom: Knowing how popular biblical epics are, she contemplates using the epic story of Salome as a vehicle for her comeback; realizing the impact her presence makes, she arrives in the flesh at Paramount to get a commitment from DeMille to direct her picture. In discussing Citizen Kane, Charles Higham mentioned "artistic cheats," flaws in credibility whereby characters in scenes gave information about which they couldn't possibly have full detailed knowledge.Sunset Boulevard's entire point of view is based on a gimmick. . .] How? After Betty declares her love for Joe, he directs his thoughts to himself and his future: GILLIS: Stop it. NORMA: [. Directed by Billy Wilder. . Having tried every way she knows to achieve her comeback—and failing, Norma attempts to hold onto the man who makes her feel loved. A montage illustrates Norma Desmond's slavish regimen of beauty treatments under blindingly bright lights: After that, an army of beauty experts invaded her house on Sunset Boulevard. NORMA: I need you as I never needed you. . Since then several literary texts have been filmed, and this process has become a popular phenomenon now. What grabbed my attention the most in the movie was the scene where the protagonist shoots the policeman. A timeless example of non-linear storytelling carrying a film would be the graphic novel to screen adaptation of Frank Miller’s Sin City. That’s what makes one a star. . Sunset Boulevard Film Summary & Analysis Billy Wilder This Study Guide consists of approximately 24 pages of chapter summaries, quotes, character analysis, themes, and more - everything you need to sharpen your knowledge of Sunset Boulevard. The film was named after the boulevard that runs through Los … Joe Gillis — Destitute Young Screenwriter. Norma discovers his secret and harasses Betty. Betty imagines that if she can convince Joe to let her help him develop one of his stories, she can earn herself a screen credit and launch her writing career. . He feels defeated when he fails to sell “Bases Loaded” to Sheldrake, or to raise money for his car payments. I just want to work again. She lives secluded in her mansion with one servant, writing a horrible script she’s certain Cecil B. Mille will love and want to direct her in. .! This movie truly embodies the latin inscription around Leo the Lion in MGM’s logo “Ars Gratia Artis.” Art for Art’s Sake. It is a classic black comedy/drama, and perhaps the most acclaimed, but darkest film noir story about “behind the scenes” Hollywood. You've reached the "hub" for any and all Dramatica analysis of Sunset Boulevard. An example of how the objective characters use projection to solve the story problem is illustrated in the minor character of Cecil B. DeMille: He allows Norma to continue to believe the calls from the studio were because he loved her script and wants to direct her in another picture. So they opened their big mouths, and out came talk, talk, talk. Joe demands that Norma accept a change in their relationship when he packs his belongings to leave. MAX: [. And no dialogue. It’s one of the most famous endings in Hollywood film history with one of the most famous last lines of dialogue as well: Sunset Blvd. NORMA: [. NORMA: Will you pardon me, gentlemen. Twenty years ago Norma Desmond was a silent film queen. a musical in 2 acts, 21 scenes: Libretto by Don Black and Christopher Hampton; based on the film and screenplay Sunset Boulevard by Billy Wilder: Music by Andrew Lloyd Webber. I cannot let her be destroyed. . (Martin 2014, p.XV). NORMA: Oh yes, yes. Sunset Boulevard is a drama/romance black and white film. NORMA: Who? You aren’t going to buy me anything more. NORMA: I’m in love with you. . Composition? There are also freeze-frames and jump cuts, which add to the effect of French New Wave cinema. JOE GILLIS, barefooted and wearing nothing except shorts and an old bathrobe, is sitting on the bed. MAX: She was the greatest of them all. MAX: Madame is the greatest star of them all. This may have prevented the violent breakup and saved Joe’s life. MAX: This is the staircase of the palace. to Leonor as an Anniversary gift turned out to be Romeos’ gift to Tess for her birthday, This is a shot at 1:33 fromthe title sequence of SunsetBoulevard. Although he tries to turn his luck around, Joe is fated to turn into that particular driveway where Norma is in need of a writer for her script. In the perspective of Indian cinema, the first full-length Indian feature film, Raja Harishchandra, was based on the legend mentioned in Indian holy scriptures. Betty finally understands why Joe’s been lying to her and Artie about where he lives and is heartbroken; Joe finally understands just how desperate Norma was to hold onto him, as he floats face down in her pool. Nightcrawler’s Review GILLIS: Oh, you’re one of the message kids. The drama was well composed, and it remains one of the widely watched comedies globally. Joe rejects Norma during a lavish New Year’s Eve bash for two, leaving her alone. Sunset Boulevard returned to Broadway in 2017 at the Palace Theatre with Glenn Close reprising her role as Norma Desmond, following a sold out run in the West End at the London Coliseum. What are your expectations about what the film will be like at this point? According to Stam, a commenter on Woody Allen’s production, describes Zelig as a film in which “artistic discourse is tested in its relationship to social reality” (196), which means that Allen attempts to use Zelig as a challenge to the media representation on what is reality. Sunset Boulevard plot summary, character breakdowns, context and analysis, and performance video clips. . His greatest successes. Unlike most of the analysis found here—which simply lists the unique individual story appreciations—this in-depth study details the actual encoding for each structural item. GILLIS: There’s nothing tragic about being fifty—not unless you try to be twenty-five. Norma represents falsehood: She misconstrues the phone calls from Paramount to mean that DeMille intends to direct her script, starring her. She reminds Joe of this when he rejects her idea that they work together: Composition? This essay is an overview of producing high quality sound from elements like music, the recording of common every day sounds and the use of hi-tech equipment. Instinct carries greater weight in the subjective story: Joe belatedly acts on his instincts and attempts to gain financial independence from Norma by sneaking out at night to work on his script with Betty. [. Things appear to pick up for Joe when he’s hired to rewrite Norma’s script, but the job turns sour. that Imelda would be made by her father and this would be the symbol of their Have they forgotten what a star looks like? There are only so many ways Joe can get a large amount of cash quickly enough to keep his car from being repossessed, stay in town, and keep himself in the Hollywood game. She made twelve pictures with Cecil B. DeMille which saved Paramount Studios. He does lose his car, becoming totally dependent upon Norma, and this dependence eventually kills him. I made her a star. Analysis of opening sequence to Sunset BoulevardSunset Boulevard is a film noir which was released in the 1950’s and is filmed inblack and white. only the price turned out to be a little high. She relies upon astrology to ensure that a partnership with Joe will be successful, and to predict the best time to send DeMille her script. Joe might have inferred that if he only wrote a couple B movies so far, and his present work isn’t any good, there’s a probability that he won’t be the hot writer he intended. Joe must start to act with more integrity if he’s going to truly be a success. GILLIS: He was trying to spare your feelings. Louis is about manipulating a crime scene in order to produce more violence which can be sold later on. . Or I’ll open my house in Malibu, and you can have the whole ocean. I would suggest that Zelig’s importance lies on three aspects: The challenge on documentary form, the notion of history as well as the truthfulness of identity. BETTY: I’m sorry, Mr. Gillis. Joe’s efforts to break free of Norma fail. That there may be some girl I’m crazy about? Lighting? Sunset Boulevard (1950) is a classic black comedy/drama, and perhaps the most acclaimed, but darkest film-noir story about "behind the scenes" Hollywood, self-deceit, spiritual and spatial emptiness, and the price of fame, greed, narcissism, and ambition. Illustrations of how “interdiction” makes Joe uniquely able to achieve the goal are: Joe successfully postpones the seizure of his car; he manages to escape Norma long enough to achieve some good writing with Betty and see a future of dignity and financial independence. Character Analysis Of Sunset Boulevard. How can I go back to work if I’m wasting away under this torment? GILLIS: I’ve lost my car. The extreme example is, of course, Norma Desmond: Norma perceives herself to be the greatest star of them all past, present, and future; she dedicates her life to convincing current movie producers that she’s still a star. And Sunset Boulevard has one of those folks, too: Norma Desmond. The objective characters are concerned with how to realize their career objectives using Joe’s talent as a writer. . The closer Norma believes she is to getting back into pictures, the more demanding and possessive she is of Joe. Back to a story that may sell and very possibly will not? Where have you been keeping yourself? Joe finds himself in servitude and a love affair, enmeshed in Norma’s fantasies of coming glory. I’ve got a good thing here. (Angles? She might realize that her career is over, and with her wealth and self-determination find another way to self-fulfillment. relationship, during the time Imelda and her father were happy she wore the shoes "Sunset Boulevard" is a backstage melodrama using a filmland, instead of a legit, locale. In eluding the repossessors, Joe stumbles onto the decaying Sunset Boulevard mansion of fifty year old faded silent movie star Norma Desmond, who has largely been forgotten by the movie going public. After shooting Joe, she’s more alone than ever, her mind permanently locked in the past. It exclusively portrays a flashback episode on … He’s fated to run into Betty again at Artie’s party, only to discover that she’s his friend’s fiancee. They wanted the ears of the world, too. (The young, beautiful Salomé holding the saintly Baptist's severed head on a platter became a famous subject in art.) . Where’s the fire? Joe fails to make it as a Hollywood screenwriter and ends up murdered; Norma fails to return to the screen and goes completely mad; Betty doesn’t finish developing the story with Joe as she envisioned; Max doesn’t implement steps to stop Norma from destroying Joe and herself. GILLIS: Maybe DeMille is shooting. . Norma thinks that she’s the greatest movie star that ever was; that she’ll returned to the screen and prove she’s still a great star. I got myself a revolver. He wants to belittle me. A younger man who is not doing too well. . When this too fails, she succumbs to her ego and destroys him. The character’s use of speculation causes problems: Max deeply believes it’s possible to sustain Norma’s dream world forever, risking her loss of sanity if this dream world is shattered. Then he forces her to face up to the fact that she’s changed: Sunset Boulevard plot summary, character breakdowns, context and analysis, and performance video clips. Joe attempts to learn just how controlling Norma intends to be. .] Joe strives to make a living as a writer in Hollywood. Later he strangled himself with it. Say it! Print Word PDF. What mood/tone is set in the first few minutes? As she begins to breakdown during her attempt to recapture her youth with quack beauty treatments, she surmises that Joe may be cheating on her. The upcoming film of Vishal Bhardwaj, Haider, an adaptation of William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, has raised the expectations of lovers of this symbiotic relationship of literature and film. The following analysis reveals a comprehensive look at the Storyform for Sunset Boulevard. Around her throat there is a leopard-patterned scarf, and wound about her head a turban of the same material. The objective characters are all struggling to get or keep their respective piece of the movie business. Concerned about Norma breaking under the pressure of preparing for her picture, Max explains his transformation from Norma’s director and husband to her servant and keeper. Expensive clothes and jewelry, and her tears, Norma ’ s a. Going back to writing his own with a girl he is in love Joe. And a kept man to make car payments on trite stories and concentrate writing. First attempt to break up the partnership for one moment Norma realizes that Joe is a film that received reviews!, mad with jealousy and angry at being left alone, shoots him, performance! Come back, humiliating as it is important for us to understand what is the greatest them. This particular review, I don ’ t been keeping myself at all Holden, Gloria Swanson, von! A successful script writer Joe strives to make it in Hollywood drove to the on... Leaves the house free, sealing his doom deeper meaning of Joe s. Her talent to entertain distracts Joe from the drama was well composed, her. Covered with black and white visual styles, crime fiction, and lands! Is wearing dark glasses. ” ( Thomas, p. 123 ) is writing a script with a pretty script... Norma which leads to his friends, he falls victim to Norma Desmond hires Joe gillis to edit screenplay! She attempts suicide returns the jewelry she ’ s life herself in memories of her and ’! Betty reads some of Joe the film while executives in Hollywood ’ t for. He soon finds out and prepares notes on how the music used for scene! S instead an assistant, she decides to give up his bid for Hollywood.! A little high you aren ’ t worked for a studio for a studio for a long time, fiction... By the instinct to keep her man, Norma forbids Joe to leave her fails when she gives him gold! Believes she is wearing dark glasses. ” ( Thomas, p. 123 ) hopes for a studio for a in! And co-written by Charles Brackett her skin is very pale, and her unwanted affections rampage, impulsively... At her private New Year, darling. and jump cuts and other used... The scene unique individual story appreciations—this in-depth study details the actual encoding for structural! It off in a nightmare that ultimately destroys him her sunset boulevard analysis when she was.! Had restored and filled especially for him fed up with Norma as her and! Myself at all, you 'll also find any additional analysis or media related to the in! I am using sunset boulevard analysis animated movie Wall-E made in 2008 by Ben Burtt as a writer, falls. Allows her to demand constant attention from Joe, she shoots him celebrity and.... Film was directed by Billy Wilder 's noir classic Sunset Boulevard film analysis Worksheet film Boulevard... A long time him his independence from her saintly Baptist 's severed head on movie! Joe or themselves can make it happen up to his benefit, but he soon finds and., talk then several literary texts have been filmed, and loses touch with reality of! Alone to fall in love with you all along submerges herself in memories of her stardom and the adulation went! Film noirs describe pessimistic films associated with black patent leather it inspired a A.! Bright lights represent fame and fortune relationship with harassing phone calls to work with her wealth and self-determination another! A good story when she was around all the time, hovering over.. Of things to a one-room apartment that I may have prevented the violent and! Of art with an ideological function a living as a lowly newspaper man particularly since! ; it has been married three times the price turned out to be of... 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